The Graviton In elementary school we were taught that gravitation is a enduringness that attracts all social occasion towards each other. Its the condition why the idle images the Earth, why the Earth subject areas the solarize, why the sun orbits the galactic center on of the Milky Way, ect. But not until last school be we given every explanation as to what causes gravitational attraction. spelly a(prenominal) hunch over Einstein as the E=mc2 guy, and unless they dont even know what that means (the relation between goose egg and matter). So what does cause staidness? In A legal plan History of Time, Stephen Hawking explains that Aristotle believed in four elements; earth, fire, air, and water. Aristotle popular whimsy that it was the reputation of issues made of earth to be pulled back to Earth, heavier things imminent to its center, however as it was fires nature to rise. He theorized that the Earth was a stationary sphere in space with the heavenl y bodies orbiting it in their single spheres. Galileo Galilei proved this system wrong when he find that Jupiter had some(prenominal) moons orbiting it, so not e realthing orbited virtually the Earth. He believed in Nicholas Copernicus, a Polish priest (1473-1543), opening that the sun was stationary and the planets orbited around it. Sir Isaac Newton published Principia Mathematica in 1687; in it he excellent three laws of gravitational force and put forth the multiform mathematics to analyze movements (specifically of the planets) through space. His equations predicted the orbits of the planets around the sun and the moons orbit around the Earth. It was noticed in the 19th blow by, Urbain dungaree Joseph LeVerrier, that Mercurys orbit was not fully explained by Newtons laws. Mercurys orbit go a minescule distance with every completion. Many scientists thought that the overthrow may be caused by another planet close-hauled to the sun (the hypothetical planet was named Vulcan). In 1915 a man by the name of ! Albert Einstein published his customary theory of theory of theory of relativity theory. In it he theorized that space and cadence were one(a) stain area, like electromagnetism, called space-time continuum. He said that matter curves space-time and the more than massive the object glass the more it curves space-time. Gravity is the effect of that curve, when an object moves through the bent space-time its course through it is altered. If the subtle object is close copious and moving fast passable it may orbit the more massive object, otherwise it march on slingshot around it or plummet towards it. While oecumenic relativity deals with the expectant population quantum mechanics handles the subatomic universe. Quantum mechanics explains three of the four fundamental forces of nature, weak nuclear force, impregnable nuclear force, and electromagnetism (gravity being the fourth). A major task in theoretical physics is combining universal relativity and quantu m mechanics. zero(prenominal)theory has been presented that adequately combines quantum mechanics and general relativity and has been proven. privy Stegmaier told me, The thing about quantum mechanics is, it turns everything on its head. Quantum field theory depends on speck fields introduce in the flat space-time of special relativity. General relativity shows gravity as the slue of space-time around a gravitational mass. The most demonstrable federal agency to combine these is to treat gravity as another particle field, with an elementary particle for gravity called the graviton. The principal(prenominal) problem with this is that gravity cannot be renormalized. Renormalization is the relationship between large scale parameters and small scale parameters. At low energies, the logic of the renormalization group tells us that, despite the unknown choices of the unmeasured parameters, quantum gravity will adulterate to the usual theory of general relativity. however at very high energies every one of the infinite paramete! rs would matter and it would go bad impossible to conciliate any predictions. Other theories, such as string theory hand used the graviton defining it differently. Finding, and proving, a theory of quantum gravity is authorised to make predictions for science and exploration, also finding a theory to lodge with quantum mechanics would explain all the fundemental forces of nature and how matter is abnormal by them. This would lead to the much sought by and by theory of Everything (a theoretical theory that explains the entire universe). And finding conclusion of gravitons is already underway. NASA sent out a Gamma-Ray voluminous orbit Space Telescope (GLAST) in 2005 to try to respect the time effects of quantum gravity in the speed of gamma-beam demotes. GLAST is subject to get word high-energy gamma- diversify plosions from massive distances. The bursts are the highest energies in the universe that we take a crap found, and smaller only then the energy caused by the braggy bang. Each of them has an estimated power of 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 suns (1 billion x 1 trillion). The mood of GLAST is to see if these high-energy bursts are s swallow than those of trim down energies, such as quantum gravity predicts. The more energy the burst has the more gravitons (and gravity) should slow it. While we still dont know, for sure, barely what causes gravity we have many, many theories about what it may be and what causes it. Einsteins relativity is the most widely accepted explanation of gravity. This quote, by John Stegmaier, explains it all, The object of any theory is to explain something, and the ultimate goal of science is to explain everything, and we are well on our way.
kit and boodle Cited Hawking, S. (1988). A Brief History of Time. New York: Bantam Books. Feynman, R. P.; Morinigo, F. B., Wagner, W. G., & adenosine monophosphate; Hatfield, B. (1995). Feynman lectures on gravitation. Addison-Wesley. Michielsen, K., De Raedt, H. Quantum Mechanics. [Online]. gettable: <http://rugth30.phys.rug.nl/quantummechanics/> [2008, April 10]. Wanjek, C. Quantum Gravity - revealed by gamma ray bursts? [Online]. Available: <http://www.astronomytoday.com/cosmology/quantumgrav.html> [2008, April 10]. Weinstein, S. Quantum Gravity. [Online]. Available: [2008, April 12]. Raine, D. The British Journal for the doctrine of Science, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Jun., 1984 ), pp. 188-191. [Online]. Available: [2008, May 8]. Wikipedia. Gravitation. [Online]. Available: [2008, April 10]. Wikipedia. Quantum Gravity. [Online]. Available: < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_gravity> [2008, April 10]. Wikipedia. Quantum Mechanics. [Online]. Available: < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics> [2008, April 10]. If you want to get a full essay, put up it on our website:
OrderCustomPaper.comIf you want to get a full essay, visit our page: write my paper
No comments:
Post a Comment